e85d191b46
- merge v0.01 --> Añadido fileselector - Añadidas fuentes de Gem y Pure Data - pix2jpg incluído en Gem. Archivos de construcción de Gem modificados. - Añadido fichero ompiling.txt con instrucciones de compilación
149 lines
7.4 KiB
HTML
149 lines
7.4 KiB
HTML
<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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<meta name="Author" content="Mark Danks">
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<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.5 [en] (WinNT; I) [Netscape]">
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<title>Utility objects</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<center>
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<h2>
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<u>Utility objects</u></h2></center>
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There are a number of objects which were written to make it easier to use
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both GEM and pd. For instance, you often pass around 3 floats at
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a time in GEM, either for position or colors. To help with this,
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there are a collection of vector objects. Use the list below to find
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out about the objects.
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<p>These objects used to be in a separate library called MarkEx, but they
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have now been folded into GEM.
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<p><a href="#counter">counter</a> - count the number of bangs
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<br><a href="#average">average</a> - average a series of numbers together
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<br><a href="#change">change</a> - only output when there is a change in
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the number
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<br><a href="#invert">invert</a> - invert a number
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<br><a href="#randF">randomF/randF</a> - floating point random number
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<br><a href="#tripleLine">tripleLine</a> - line object for 3 values
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<br><a href="#tripleRand">tripleRand</a> - three random numbers
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<br><a href="#vector">vector objects</a> - process a series of numbers
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<br><a href="#hsv2rgb">hsv2rgb and rgb2hsv</a> - convert between RGB and
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HSV color space
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<p><img SRC="tribar.gif" height=13 width=561>
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<h3>
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<a NAME="counter"></a>counter</h3>
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<center><img SRC="counter.jpg" BORDER=1 height=85 width=87></center>
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<p>The inlets are:
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<br>bang (increment or decrement the counter)
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<br>set direction (1 = count up, 2 = count down, 3 = count up and down)
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<br>set low value
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<br>set hight value
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<br>The outlet is the current count.
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<p>So in this case, the top <i>counter</i> will count up from 1 to 10.
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The bottom <i>counter</i> will count up from 2 to 5.
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<p>The <i>counter</i> also accepts the messages reset and clear.
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Reset immediately sets the counter to its low value and outputs the value.
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The clear message means that the next bang will set the <i>counter</i>
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to its low value.
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<p><img SRC="tribar.gif" height=13 width=561>
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<h3>
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<a NAME="average"></a>average</h3>
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The <i>average</i> object just averages a series of numbers as they come
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in. The left inlet accepts a single float. It then outputs
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the current average. The default number of floats to average together
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is 10, but that can be changed by sending a new value to the right inlet.
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<p>The <i>average</i> object also accepts the messages clear and reset.
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Clear will immediately set all of the values that the object has been storing
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for averaging to 0. With the reset message, you must pass in a number
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to set all of the values.
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<p><img SRC="tribar.gif" height=13 width=561>
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<h3>
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<a NAME="change"></a>change</h3>
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<i>Change</i> only accepts a number into its left inlet. If the number
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is the same as the last number sent to the <i>change</i> object, then it
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does nothing. If the number is different, then the <i>change</i>
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object will output the new number and store it for the next comparision.
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<p>This object is very useful for the == object and others like it, since
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they send a 0 or a 1 every time they do a comparision, and you usually
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only care when the state actually changes.
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<p><img SRC="tribar.gif" height=13 width=561>
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<h3>
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<a NAME="invert"></a>invert</h3>
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The <i>invert</i> object is very simple. If the number sent to its
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left inlet is equal to 0., then <i>invert</i> outputs a 1. If the
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number is not equal to 0., the <i>invert</i> outputs a 0.
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<p><img SRC="tribar.gif" height=13 width=561>
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<h3>
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<a NAME="randF"></a>randomF/randF</h3>
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One problem with the <i>random</i> object in pd is that it only sends out
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integers. This a real problem in GEM, where you often want a value
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between 0 and 1. <i>randomF</i> is exactly like the <i>random</i>
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object.
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<p>When the left inlet gets a bang, <i>randomF</i> outputs a random number
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between 0 and the given range. The range can be set with a number
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to the right inlet.
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<p><i>randF</i> is just an alternate name for <i>randomF</i>.
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<p><img SRC="tribar.gif" height=13 width=561>
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<h3>
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<a NAME="tripleLine"></a>tripleLine</h3>
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<center><img SRC="tripleLine.jpg" BORDER=1 height=92 width=111></center>
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<p>The <i>line</i> object is really great for dealing with a single number.
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To do a line with 3 values, like an RGB color value, means that you have
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to unpack, do a <i>line</i>, then repack the number. Not only is
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it a pain, but it expensive computationally.
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<p><i>tripleLine</i> behaves just like the <i>line</i> object, only it
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accepts three numbers to interpolate between. In the example, <i>tripleLine</i>
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will interpolate from the current values to 1., .2, .4 over 1000 milliseconds.
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The default output resolution is 50 milliseconds, which is the same default
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rendering time. Going faster with GEM objects will not produce any
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benefit, unless you increase the frames per second.
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<p><img SRC="tribar.gif" height=13 width=561>
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<h3>
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<a NAME="tripleRand"></a>tripleRand</h3>
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<center><img SRC="tripleRand.jpg" BORDER=1 height=89 width=149></center>
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<p>Just as using <i>tripleLine</i> makes it easier to interpolate between
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3 values at once, <i>tripleRand</i> makes it easy to generate three random
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values. In the above example, when the bang is sent, <i>tripleRand</i>
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will create three values and output them, with the first between 0 - 1,
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the second between 0 - .5, and the third from 0 - .8.
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<p><img SRC="tribar.gif" height=13 width=561>
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<h3>
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<a NAME="vector"></a>Vector objects</h3>
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The vector math objects are
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<br><i>vector+ </i>or<i> v+</i>
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<br><i>vector- </i>or<i> v-</i>
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<br><i>vector* </i>or<i> v*</i>
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<br><i>vector/ </i>or<i> v/</i>
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<br>All of the above objects perform math on a list of numbers. The
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left inlet accepts a list of numbers of any length. The right inlet
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accepts a single value, which is the operand for the computation.
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In other words, they work just like the normal *, +, -, and / objects,
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except they can handle more than one number in the left inlet.
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<p>There are two other objects which are also useful.
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<p>The first is <i>vectorabs </i>or<i> vabs</i>. It computes the absolute
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value on a list of numbers.
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<p>The second object is <i>vectorpack </i>or<i> vpack</i>. <i>vpack</i>
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accepts a list of numbers in the left inlet and a single number into the
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right inlet. The output is a single list of numbers that is the vector
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with the single number appended to the end. This is very useful when
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you want to change the time for a <i>tripleLine</i> without unpacking and
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repacking all of the data.<i></i>
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<p><img SRC="tribar.gif" height=13 width=561>
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<h3>
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<a NAME="hsv2rgb"></a>hsv2rgb and rgb2hsv</h3>
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These two objects convert three numbers between HSV and RGB color space.
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HSV stands for hue, saturation, and value. The simple way to think
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of HSV space is that hue is the "color", such as red, blue, etc, the saturation
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is how intense the color is, and the value is how bright the color is.
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<p>You can get some really nice effects by varying the hue of a color,
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because the brightness will not change while you do it.
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<p><img SRC="tribar.gif" height=13 width=561>
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<p><a href="index.html">[return]</a>
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</body>
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</html>
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